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初中英语语法归纳之三大从句之定语从句(1)
三.定语从句
1. 定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
2. 引导定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,中考英语补习,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
3. 定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
4. 关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语。作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.
位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.
我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom。who和whom作宾语时也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?
正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,whom,that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:
This 1is the house in which we lived last year.
这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
记住这些,英语其实很简单(2)
Part 5双宾语
give sb sth = give sth to sb. 给某人某物
tell sb sth = tell sth to sb. 告诉某人某事
borrow sth from sb. 向某人借某物
lend sth to sb. 借某物给某人
buy sth for sb. =buy sb. sth 给某人买某物
show sb sth=show sth to sb. 向某人展示某物
Part 6be 动词结构
be at home = stay at home 在家
be in1 trouble 有麻烦
be careful of 小心……
be late for 因……迟到
be free 空闲的,有空
be busy doing/with sth 忙于……
be covered with 被……复盖
be ready for 为……作好准备
be surprised (at) 对……感到惊讶
be interested in 对……感到举
be excited about 激动于
be angry with 愤怒于
be mad at 疯狂于
be friendly to 友好地去
be pleased with 很高兴做
be satisfied with 对……很满意
be famous for 因……而著1名
be famous as 作为……而著1名
be strict with 对……严格
be strict in 在……方面严格
be afraid of 害怕……
be afraid to do 害怕去做……
be glad to do 很高兴去做……
be good for 对……有好处
be bad for 对……有害处
be good at = do well in 擅长
be able to do 能去做……
Part 7固定搭配
have a lesson /a meeting 上课/开会
have a try 试一试
have a good time 玩得很高兴
have fun 玩得高兴
have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
have a meal (three meals) 吃一顿饭
have a fever 发烧
have a look (at) 看一看……
have a rest 休息一会儿
have a talk 谈话
have a walk =take a walk 散步
make friends (with) 与……交朋友
make a living 谋生
make a mistake 犯错误
make a sentence 造句
be made from/of 由……制成
be made in 在……地方制造
look after =take care of 照管,照看,
look for 寻找
look like 看上去像
look out 当心,小心
look around 朝四周看
look at 看着……
put on 穿上(衣服),中考英语课外补习,戴上(帽子)
put up 张帖
set up 竖起,建起
set off 出发,动身
set out 出发
send for 派人去请
take one's advice 听从某人劝告
take out 拿出,取出
take down 拿下
take place 发生
take the place of 代替
take it easy 别紧张
take away 拿走
take off 脱下,起飞,休假
day off / have off 休假
take photos 拍照
take some medicine 服药
turn on 开,旋开(电灯,收音机等)
turn off 关上(电灯,收音机等)
turn down (把音量)调低
turn up 调高
turn in 交出,上交
turn…into… 变成
turn…over 把……翻过来
at once 立刻
at last 最后
at first 起先,首先
at the age of… 在……岁时
at the end of… 在……之末
by the end of… 到……底为止
at the beginning of… 在……之初
at night/noon 在夜里/中午
初中英语最重要的100个固定短语,含例句!(5)
85.mistake…for 误把……当作……
I often mistake him for histwin brother.
我经常误把他当作他的同胞弟弟。
86.thanks to 多亏……,因为……
Thanks to the Great GreenWall,they can growa lot more cotton than before.
多亏有了绿色长城,现在他们种的棉花比以前多得多了。
87.make friends with 与……交朋友
The students make friends with one another and usually get on well.
学生们相互交朋友,通常相处得很好。
88.because of 由于……
Because of his carelessness,he lost his money on the way home.
由于粗心大意,在回家的路上他把钱丢了。
89.be good/bad for 对……有好处/有害
Reading books in the sun isbad for your eyes.
在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好。
90.be supposed to do … 应该/被要求干……
Students are supposed tostudy hard.
学生应该好好学习。
91.bother sb. to do sth. 打扰某人做某事
I’m sorry to bother you,英语,but can you tell me the way to thestation?
我十分抱歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站吗?
92.call sb. sth. 叫某人......
We all call him old Wang.
我们都称他老王。
93.care about 关心
Don’t you care about this coun1try’s future?
难倒你不关心国家的未来吗?
94.catch up with sb. 赶上某人
My English is poor and I can’t catch up with my classmates.
我的英语太差,我赶不上班上的同学。
95.come up with 提出,想出
Can you come up with a goodidea?
你能想出一个好办法吗?
96.escape from 从……逃跑
The prisoners have escaped from the prison.
犯1人从监狱里逃跑出来。
97.have fun doing 玩得高兴
I don’t know if mum has anyfun doing housework every day.
我不知道妈妈每天做家务是否开心。
98.have…(时间)off 放……假
People have two days offevery week.
人们每个星期有两天的假。
99.how do you like = what do you think of你对什么的看法
How do you like the movie?
你对这部电影有什么看法?
100.in one’s opinion 某人认为
In my opinion,there are more.and more cars and they may do harm to our city.
在我看来,越来越多的汽车对我们的城市不利。
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